Located within the Malay archipelago, Borneo is made up of three different regions: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia. Perhaps the most frequently visited of these is Malaysia, dived into two distinct regions by the South China Sea.
Visitors to Malaysia commonly choose East Malaysia, the larger of the two land masses. The two states of Sabah and Sarawak offer a multitude of attractions to suit any holidaymaker, from diving and off-roading to golf and birdwatching.
Sarawak, the largest, is a nature-lover's heaven. Some of the most breathtaking and rare species in the world are indigenous to this region. Visit Bako National Park, Sarawak's oldest, and see bearded pigs, monitor lizards and over 150 species of birds, all used to people so they're less likely to be hiding from you! Sarawak is also home to several primates; perhaps the best known is the Orangutan, second in size only to the gorilla. At the Semenggok Wildlife Rehabilitation centre visitors can see Orangutans and Gibbons that were orphaned or kept as illegal pets and then abandoned, along with many other species that are victims of the same fate.
Perhaps one of the most unusual of Sarawak's indigenous species is the Proboscis monkey, threatened with extinction because of humans encroaching into the habitat. The monkey, named after its large red nose, can only survive on vegetation found in Borneo, and it is estimated that there may only be around 3000 left in the world. Because of the primate's unusual appearance they are much sought-after by zoos in other parts of the world, but due to their fragility and exclusive diet they cannot thrive outside their natural environment. A visit to Sarawak is the best way to see these highly intriguing creatures safe and happy in their ideal living conditions.
If looking at other species doesn't take your fancy, why not venture into the Mulu Caves; one of the longest cave networks in the world. To give a comparable size, the largest chamber within the underground network can accommodate 40 Boeing 747 aircrafts, while the biggest passage is big enough for five buildings the size of St Paul's Cathedral. Visitors brave enough to be inside the cave at dusk will be witness to millions of bats and swiftlets swarming out for their nightly hunt around the jungle outside the cave entrances.
To truly experience a taste of Malaysia, take a trip around the living museum of the Sarawak Cultural Village. This unique attraction is, as the name suggests, a fully functional village with a population of around 150 people from various ethnic groups prevalent in Malaysia. The residents demonstrate traditional activities and craftwork within their culture, all surrounded by the native structures and dwellings. From Iban longhouses to Chinese farmhouses, the village can give a glimpse into a way of life seldom experienced by anyone in the Western world.
Not to be outdone, the second largest state of Sabah has its own appealing attractions. The Borneo pygmy elephant, the smallest species of elephant, can be found roaming the largest river systems in Borneo. The Kinabatangan River lies in the shadow of the tallest mountain in Southeast Asia, Mount Kinabalu (4101m), and holds dense concentrations of wildlife, crocodiles, otters, elephants, are but a few of the seemingly infinite list of animals that can be found here. If you are extra lucky you might even glimpse the Sumatran Rhinos, a species that until recently was considered extinct in Borneo.
The carnivorous Pitcher Plant is found in Sabah, named because of it's shape; resembling a giant pitcher filled with a sticky, poisonous substance which lures insects and small animals to a slow death. Equally spectacular is the Rafflesia arnoldii bloom - possibly the largest single flower in the world. The reddish-brown flower of this parasitic plant can grow to over 3ft in diameter. The Rafflesia Centre is a research facility dedicated to preserving and studying this unusual flora, which blooms just once a year for 5 days, before wilting and exuding a noxious stench not unlike rotting flesh.
Moving away from stinky plants, Sabah is also a great place if you have your sea-legs. The island of Lankayan is a virtually uninhabited paradise with lush green jungle and pure white sand - and one of the best diving resorts in this part of the world, with 40 different recommended dive sites. The gentle giant whale shark is indigenous to this area, and can usually be indicated by the seabirds lurking above the surface of the Sulu Sea. Fans of marine photography may be lucky enough to get close to this aquatic creature, but be quick pressing the shutter! The Lankayan Wreck is another great dive spot to visit, with a variety of unusual marine life such as the painted frogfish and marbled stingray. Lankayan island accommodation fits in beautifully with the surroundings; compact wooden bungalows which are perfect for those seeking a tranquil getaway in a genuine paradise.
Of course, one of the best things about visiting a foreign country is the diversity of food available to sample, and Malaysian Borneo is no exception. It's an amalgam of several ethnicities; Chinese, Indian and of course the native Malays. This cultural melting pot lends itself to one of the world's most varied cuisines, and in addition there are many indigenous ethnic groups which each have their own diet and heritage; the once-fearsome headhunters the Ibans and Muruts, the nomadic sea-faring Bajau and the hospitable Biayuh. Each ethnic group has its own traditions and handicrafts and, as is evident at the Cultural village in Sarawak, are happy to display these to visitors.
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